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Computer History And Methodology by Boyd Mensur

History of this (Fraunfelder)

Five concepts Fraunfelder:

PONG

In the video game world today are an essential part of the lives of millions and it has a bigger market than movies. Bushnell is an electrical engineer student had several attempts to create games, but they failed. Then he made a game called Pong that is a ping-pong simulator that required nothing more than turning the player a button to move a paddle the screen and hit a ball (Fraudliner, Mark, 2006). The game was Pong video game world's first early 70s. This is a modern version of Thurs The first screen is where you choose how you want to play by moving the joystick: up and down to select the man against man, Human vs. Computer vs. Computer or Computer. The computer cons set computer always plays or until someone reset the game using the reset button. You begin to bleed by pressing the fire, it is also likely to change direction and speed of the ball by using fire. Player who serve will get points. If the player with the service misses the ball, then serve goes to the other player. The pallets are moved and down with joysticks. It is possible to break (increase speed) by pressing the fire and, in doing so, it is also possible to guide the ball by moving joystick up or down. When someone wins a game image to show themselves and say who won. Bushnell has created a company called Atari Pong and began sell arcades and bars. He had more luck this time and people love the game then, in 1974, Atari made a home version of Atari, but not enough money to deal with their competitors, after Warner Communications bought the company. This game that triggered the history of video games and personal computers that people wanted to play the game in their computers at home.

Figure 2: Pong in a different set up

Nintendo Game Boy

Nintendo Game Boy is a compact system of a game developed and manufactured by Yokoi Gumpei who works for society and released in 1989. "He is the best-selling video player game over and 168 million units have been sold since its launch (Fraudliner, Mark, 2006). It was another blow in the history of computers and video game industry. People bought to play a game called Tetris, which is written by Russian Alexey Pazhitnov. Computers were invented in the 70s and the invention of computers video games became more popular because people wanted to play games at home without any distractions, such as workspace. The Nintendo Game Boy was a great contribution to gaming history video because it has pushed its competitors to invent a more advanced, cooler console, video games and so to attract the attention of the people to keep in business. Then in the following Nintendo's advanced game consoles.

World Wide Web

The World Wide Web has transformed the world of computing and communications like nothing else before. The invention of the telegraph, telephone, radio, computer and pave the way for this unique combination of skills. The Internet is both a broadcasting capacity in the world, a mechanism for the dissemination Information and support for cooperation and interface between people and their computers regardless of geographic distance.

These are the people who helped develop the World Wide Web.

1945: Vannevar Bush

1960 JCR Licklider

Symbiosis Computer Man "(pre-W3C, 2006).

1962: Douglas Englebart

1965: Ted Nelson

"Ted Nelson coins the term" hypertext "in" A file structure for the complex, changing and "indeterminate. 20th National Conference, New York, the Association for Computing Machinery" (pre-W3C, 2006).

1968: Douglas Englebart

1969: ARPANET

"Advanced Research Projects Agency commissions ARPANET to conduct research on the network. First ARPANET nodes connected" (pre-W3C, 2006).

1971: Ray Tomlinson

"Ray Tomlinson of BBN created mail program to send messages on a distributed network. 1972: Tomlinson expands program for ARPANET users, using the "@" as part of the address "(pre-W3C, 2006).

1974: Bob Kahn, Vint Cerf /

"Bob Kahn and Vint Cerf publish" A Protocol for Packet Network Interconnection "which specified detailed design of a Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) "(pre-W3C, 2006).

1978: TCP / IP

"A part of TCP is detached, thus becoming the Internet Protocol (IP) "(pre-W3C, 2006).

As you can see, it was a story while to being able to propose to the extraordinary invention of all time which is a part of millions of people worldwide. With the invention Internet users of the computer greatly increased because it is close in many ways and are still increasing. It became part Main computer, now a computer without the Internet is simply a machine that computes and works as a game console and a typewriter. It is quite interesting to observe that history unleashed its rooms to make. All developing regions and combining emerging create the computer as it happens in Transformers.

GOOGLE

The search began as a research project by a doctoral student at Stanford in January 1996. "Today, more than 100 million people ask Google, the number one search engine on the world" (Fraudliner, Mark, 2006). Google has become the standard of the world for anything from A to Z from billions of Web pages in just a few seconds. Despite the fact that it is free, it made a fortune for its founders, Larry Page and Sergey Brin. "The company makes money through advertising and by licensing its technology research companies "(Fraudliner, Mark, 2006). The search engine Google has attracted a growing number of Internet users, which liked its simple design. Google began selling ads related to keyword searh. The ads were text-based to maintain a clean design and to maximize page loading speed of page. Google has many features and some of them are earth, video, academics, groups, g-mail, image search and much more. Google is really the main search engine that helps millions of people worldwide every day. It is really Interestingly, the exposure the speech develops as the picture painted of the technology part by part. All these elements are part of the computer which allows games, video, connectivity and many other things for the earth society. Google will become more important than the World Wide Web becomes developed. History has shown that the future will be bright as the technology develops.

WHO AND WHERE: ACADEMIA (Markoff)

Doug Engelbert:

It is generally known as the inventor of the computer mouse teamed up with Bill English. His group has accomplished many technological institutions and some of them are hypertext, interaction man-machine networked computers and precursors to GUIs.

The figure shows that the mouse first computer designed by Engelbert showing that the wheels in contact with the work surface. According to the historian of science Therry Bardini, Engelbart said that complex personal philosophy that prompted all its research efforts led the modern application of the concept of philosophy and the use of technology. The historian adds that Engelbart was strongly influenced by the principle of linguistic relativity developed by Benjamin Lee Whorf. "Where Whorf believed that the sophistication of a control language the sophistication of thought that can be expressed by a speaker of that language, Engelbart said that the state of current technology control our ability to manipulate information, and thereby to turn control of our ability to develop new and improved technologies "(Wikipedia). It was uncontrollable and different from its group. He was project manager IRS. Markoff said Engelbart and Rosen is another engineer in the group had met when Engelbart was hired at SRI, and of course he immediately said Rosen of his dream to build Bush search and retrieval of information Menex machine. Rosen was impressed, but he had not thought much about since. Subsequently research has taken a high road and one day Engelbart wrote some thoughts on paper and Rosen it took for the Pentagon and the man from the Pentagon wanted to see. He received the first research of $ 25,000. Then he made great advances in digital technology like the computer mouse. He imagined and developed many of its user interface ideas in the mid 60s, long before the revolution of the personal computer at a time when people were kept away from computers, and could use the computers through the United Nations and the armed forces when the software have tend to be written for vertical applications in proprietary systems.

Engelbart revealed more Later it was nicknamed the "mouse" because the tail is released at the end. In an interview with SRI patented the mouse and the value of $ 40,000 Apple had licensed the product.

Engelbart is an important factor in computer technology and the digital world. Markoff said that when was still largely on the processing of data; Engelbart had created almost all critical components of modern personal computing, hypertext, graphics, multiple windows, efficiency of navigation and command input, collaborative work, and a mouse pointing device. The list has been worked here nearly 40 years ago, symbolizes the computer that we use now. It is quite interesting journey.

John Mc Carthy:

He is now Professor Emeritus. the influence of John McCarthy computer is the invention of LISP and sharing the creation of the term AI and the foundation of the laboratory at Stanford University AI. One of the figureheads of the computer, McCarthy has written items that are widely referenced and stand as milestones of development on a wide range of topics. In this collection of journals, McCarthy strongly defends the importance of artificial intelligence research against its aggressors, this book brings together reviews of books that discuss McCarthy and criticize the future of AI. Here, McCarthy explores the major issues related to AI, such as the question of the nature of intelligence, the acquisition and application of knowledge, and the question of the politics behind this research. He is the founder of the avian flu has led to many achievements in significant technological advances.

Who and where: the cons-culture (Turner)

Stewart Brand:

The catalog hunting "catalyze the emergence of a sphere of personal power" by making the soft technology available to persons wishing to create sustainable communities. Brand then found a number of organizations good works, including the well or Whole Earth Electronic Link (an online community at the beginning), the Global Business Network (a futurist consulting firm) and the Long Now Foundation (intended encourage long term thinking). He is the author of several books and numerous articles, from the point of ritual psychedelic Amerindians analysis systems "buildings in time." Today, he and his wife live on a tugboat in Sausalito, California. Turner noted for Ehrlich and Holm, and the young Stewart Brand, cultural activities such as politics, art, conversation, play and took a deep significance for survival of the species. When the man threatened to destroy themselves with nuclear weapons, concrete expressions of culture offered a way to help to move forward and to escape total destruction. They have played a large role in meeting the world as a safe place and I call them peacekeepers. Turner also notes that his search for personal freedom guided migration from ten years to a wide range of bohemian scientific and academic communities.

"When the Whole Earth Catalog became a forum in which these communities exist, the brand has begun to see how the guidance systems of population biology Paul Ehrlich, combined with new patterns of life of the cons, might offer a method call individualistic life, not only for himself but also for any other person who might abandon the bureaucratic halls of America. Stewart Brand is here Army with long hair in 1961.

Figure: Hacker

The central theme of the book is that several areas of contemporary science and philosophy point in the same direction: intelligence is not organized in a centralized structure, but much more like a hive of small simple components. Kelly applies this point of view of bureaucratic organizations, intelligent computers, and the human brain. "Kevin defines eight 'generative' authenticity, accessibility, immediacy, interpretation, customization, sponsorship, embodiment, findability. (I've reordered as I find "aaiippef" is a bit easier to Memorize all.) It defines a "generative" as "a quality or attribute that must be generated, grown, and fed. We can not be copied, cloned, faked, replicated, counterfeited, or reproduced "(George, 2005). This list is an excellent starting point for models economic in the digital world. These eight things can not be copied. These are things that people are willing to pay for. These are things that can be done to be more useful in taking advantage of the abundance of goods imitable. Kevin notes that "most importantly, I believe, the types of business models from This discussion will allow us to take advantage of the abundance of digital information rather than fear. This kind of thinking we can see digital technology as a blessing rather than a curse. " Today, he is chairman of the board of an organization Nonprofit to catalog and identify all species on earth. His contribution to the technology called the third culture. At the time, the progress of science has been discarded, but the culture has been known as music, literature, etc. Even if the development will to strengthen the culture it was considered and was not cool at all. Then the third culture emerged. Kevin third new culture is a clutch of science. It's a pop culture-based technology for the sake of technology. Over the past two decades, as Hyper invaded our cultural environment, the gravity of technology simply became too difficult to ignore. For the current generation of young Nintendo, their technology is their culture. When they arrived at the point of creating the current trends, the next thing happened spiritual science to cool.

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	Hori Gameboy Player Controller Indigo

THQ-VID 32185 DANNY PHANTOM: THE ULTIMATE ENEMY GAMEBOY ADVANCE

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The future is in peril and Danny Phantom is about to find out that he's the reason whey. Clockwork a sinister ghost with the power to control time wants to turn Danny into the future's evil Dan Phantom by destroying everything and everyone he loves. Danny will have to learn new powers and foil Clockwork's plans if he's going to save his friends and family from the most dangerous force imaginable - himself! Danny Phantom is a 2D action adventure game in which the player battles ghostly adversaries as they try to prevent Danny Fenton's future from becoming that of the evil Dan Phantom.Features:Fast-paced side-scrolling action based on a special Danny Phantom episode "The Ultimate Enemy"airing on Nickelodeon in Sept. 2005All of Danny's paranormal powers from the TV show including his ability to fly walk through walls shoot ghostly beams and even the new "Ghostly Wail"Variety of gameplay combining action on the ground with flying shooter levelsStrategic combat system where Danny Phantom will transform back to Danny Fenton when his powers are overusedFormat: GAMEBOY ADVANCE

PROFESSIONAL TABLE-TOP PERPMP3/CD PLAYER AND CONTROLLER

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Elenco OWI-9875 Binary Player Robot

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OWI introduces the second generation of its binary navigating robot kit. BINARY PLAYER ROBOT is very predictable two-wheeled robot. An internal program stored on a memory disk created by the user ascertains its predictability. Therein however lies the fun. Binary Player Robot is easily re-programmable by the controller you. Binary Player Robot is controlled by black and white patterns on a disk which are read by an infrared sensor. Particular patterns activate either of two wheels to turn left right forward or pause. These on/off commands illustrate the basic principles of binary coding. To change a movement program the operator simply creates a new disk pattern. Set your course and explore the fascinating world of Binary Player Robot! Dr. OWIKIT says this is an excellent Beginner Series robot. This battery-controlled kit can teach the basic principles of robotic sensing and locomotion. It features a pre-assembled printed circuit board hardware and mechanical drive system that can be handled by almost anyone from age 10 and up. Only basic hand tools are required for assembly. An infrared sensor and printed circuit board controls your programmable friend. Binary Player Robot is more than just fun. Assembling building and following instructions help develop fine motor skills and hand-eye coordination. Easy to assemble this OWIKIT Intermediate building level robot makes a great entrant for robotic competitions science fair projects robotic workshops after-school programs special events gifts science enrichment camps and classroom activities.

OWI OWI-9875 BINARY PLAYER ROBOT BEGINNER EXPERIENCE

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Just OWI introduces the second generation of its binary navigating robot kit. BINARY PLAYER ROBOT is very predictable two-wheeled robot. An internal program stored on a memory disk created by the user ascertains its predictability. Therein however lies the fun. Binary Player Robot is easily re-programmable by the controller you. Binary Player Robot is controlled by black and white patterns on a disk which are read by an infrared sensor. Particular patterns activate either of two wheels to turn left right forward or pause. These on/off commands illustrate the basic principles of binary coding. To change a movement program the operator simply creates a new disk pattern. Set your course and explore the fascinating world of Binary Player Robot! Dr. OWIKIT says this is an excellent Beginner Series robot. This battery-controlled kit can teach the basic principles of robotic sensing and locomotion. It features a pre-assembled printed circuit board hardware and mechanical drive system that can be handled by almost anyone from age 10 and up. Only basic hand tools are required for assembly. An infrared sensor and printed circuit board controls your programmable friend. Binary Player Robot is more than just fun. Assembling building and following instructions help develop fine motor skills and hand-eye coordination. Easy to assemble this OWIKIT Intermediate building level robot makes a great entrant for robotic competitions science fair projects robotic workshops after-school programs special events gifts science enrichment camps and classroom activities.

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Nintendo USG GameBoy Battery, USG003

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With an extra Nintendo USG GameBoy battery on hand, you can always play video games as long as you need. This Nintendo replacement battery designed for Nintendo USG GameBoy is made with the same materials as your original battery; it will looks, feel, and perform the same. But this Nintendo USG GameBoy battery is much cheaper than the original battery.